Release Date: 2020-02-10 11:13:00
Wrtitten by 马氏艺考文化课
不论在日常英语沟通中，还是书面表达中，使用主动语态有时并不能更好的传达我们的想法，因此有时就需要用被动语态，在高考中也是广泛运用，因此艺考生们需要重点关注。那么，被动语态是什么呢？
武汉艺考文化培训机构英语老师解答：被动语态是一种动词形式，用来说明主语和谓语动词之间的关系。被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。构成形式是：be+及物动词的过去分词，其中be根据不同的时态进行变化，过去分词部分保持不变。
1. 不知道动作的执行者是谁，或没有必要指出动作的执行者时。如：
The cup is broken. 杯子破了。
Letters are collected at seven every morning. 信件每天早晨七点收取。
2. 为了强调或突出动作的承受者时。如：
The desk was made by Master Zhang. 这张课桌是张师傅做的。
The money was taken away by his girlfriend. 钱是被他女朋友拿走的。
3. 在上下文中，为了使句子间连接紧密时。如：
I have a new motorbike. It was given to me as a birthday present by my father. 我有辆新摩托车。它是父亲送给我作为生日礼物的。
1. 基本方法
将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语，将主动谓语变为被动谓语(be+过去分词)，将主动语态的主语变为by短语(在被动句中用作状语)：
He stole our money.→Our money was stolen by him.
【注】（1）若不强调动词执行者，被动语态中的by短语通常可以省略：
The house was built in 1978. 这座房子是1978年建的。
（2）在转变语态时，要注意保持两种语态时态的一致性：
The students will study the problem. →The problem will be studied by the students.
A friend of ours is repairing the roof. →The roof is being repaired by a friend of ours.
2. 双宾动词的被动语态
双宾动词即指带双宾语的动词，它们在变为被动语态时，有以下两种情形值得注意：
（1）有些双宾动词(如award, buy, give, leave, lend, offer, pay, show, teach, tell等)在变为被动语态时，既可把间接宾语(指人)变为被动语态的主语，而把直接宾语(指事物)保留下来(称为保留宾语)，也可把直接宾语(指事物)变为被动语态的主语，而把间接宾语改为介词to 或for引起的状语(到底用to还是for，与所搭配的动词有关)。比较：
He gave her some money. 他给她一些钱。
→ She was given some money. / Some money was given to her.
He bought her a watch. 他给她买了一快表。
→ A watch was bought for her. / She was bought a watch.
（2）有些双宾动词(如bring, do, make, pass, sell, send, sing, write等)通常用直接宾语(指事物)作被动语态的主语，而将间接宾语用作保留宾语(其前根据情况用介词to或for)：
Father made me a doll. → A doll was made for me.
He wrote her a letter. → A letter was written to her.
（3）有些双宾动词(如answer, deny, envy, refuse, save, spare等)通常用间接宾语(指人)作被动语态的主语，而将直接宾语用作保留宾语：
She answered me that question. → I was answered that question by her.
3. 含有情态动词的被动形式
若主动语态中谓语含有情态动词，在相应的被动语态中通常应保留该情态动词，其结构为“情态动词+be(或be的适当时态形式)+过去分词”：
Everyone must know this. →This must be known by everyone.
This can’t be done in a short time. 这不是短期内可以完成的。
She may have been sent to work elsewhere. 她可能被派到别处工作去了。
The door must have been locked by my wife. 门一定是我妻子锁的。
The environment should be improved. 环境应当改善。
总体来说，广大武汉艺考生们首先要记住“be+done”的基本形式及其结合时态后的形式，其次注意介词by的用法，最后记住情态动词的被动语态，这样被动语态已经掌握一大半了。武汉艺考生们可以选择合适自己的艺考文化培训机构进行学习，在专业老师的辅导下效果会事半功倍。
